The above toolbar is a portion of the Edge browser.
The first icon (the letter "A" with sound waves coming out the top right) turns the web browser's screen reader on or off.
This is convenient since people spend a lot of time in their web browser.
System Screen Reader
Microsoft calls it's built-in screen reader "Narrator" - go to Start>Settings>Ease of Access>Narrator (Windows 10) or Settings>Accessibility>Narrator (Windows 11) to activate or change the options of the system screen reader.
The first item in Ease of Access is another Display setting page, with the extra option (not shown in the regular settings page in Windows 10) for making ONLY the text bigger.
For Windows 11, it's Settings>Accessibility, Text Size.
It gives you the ability to make text up to 225% larger. This magnification applies only to text, as opposed to scaling up the entire display (Start>Settings>System>Display>Scale and layout in both Windows 10 and 11) which you can set the system's display upscaling factor to anything from 100% (no upscaling) to 350% (make everything 3.5x as big).
Combining the maximun screen scaling setting of 350% (3.5x) and the maximum text scaling of 225% (2.25x) gives a combined text upscaling of 7.8x, so if your vision deteriorates further, you can keep using your computer.